Antonio Negri | about Antonio Negri >>> | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Toni Negri has answered the following questions under house arrest at Rome: Why did you voluntarily return home to Italy after living fourteen years under political asylum in France? How were you received on your return home?
Were you politically active during your imprisonment and when living under political asylum or did you feel excluded from the political area? With Francesco Cossiga, the prime minister of the Italian "leaden years", a man who was a symbol of repression for the extreme left, you agreed on a truce in the 80s, when you wrote him a letter in which you propose him friendship. Today Cossiga publicly states that he feels guilty for special laws, introduced in the 70s, and claims that you are, as a political prisoner, a victim of the 70s. How do you understand Cossiga's confession and acknowledgment? How do you explain the rules of the game, laid down
on September 11?
How has the definition of a terrorist changed in the course of time? If the American Congress accepts Bush's motion to increase defense budget, will the USA earmark the same amount of means as that of fifteen states with the highest defense budgets? You say that the USA have created an Empire which is out of their control… The world social forum has announced that the war started to strengthen the USA domination and that the United Nations have started to lose their influence, that they are subordinated to the USA. What role have the United Nations played, what are they losing? What is there on the other side of
the Empire?
What kind of comment do you make on the statement that we are entering the era of a direct participation of politics? We could label you as a radical Marxist for you say that representative democracy, the role of political parties, various associations and groups should be surpassed and a direct participation of people for people should be introduced. You are a sympathizer of the Zapatist movement in Mexico where the so called low intensity war has been going on for years. You stress it as a symbol which acts with its body, without violence, but vigorously. What is the difference between Zapatist's operation and movements, such as Seattle? Who makes up the multitude, the masses, which is the
new public?
Can we use the term multitude for the new public?
Are you in favor of the new way of organizing - net organizing? How to reach an agreement of the multitude? In the Empire you have examined three proposals of solutions which could be defined as the global values: an income provided for everyone, an absolute mobility of people and thus worldwide citizenship and a renewed seizure of new technologies. Are these very far-fetched and utopian values of political constitution? Or the basis of a global conflict? Is the intellectual capital the new value of the proletariat?
What is the present-day role of the proletariat? How does the liberation of a worker occur, are the workers politically active, are they a part of the multitude, do they have a possibility of acting in the net? Do you think that momentarily word
conditions offer an opportunity to internationalize the proletariat'
wars?
Do you believe in the new world?
Are you writing the second part of the Empire? ***
"The capital has become a parasite and
has lost its ability to represent common interests. Positive modernization
or positive capitalization do not exist. There is a simple possibility
to create a new world. The latter is not revolutionary but a world of
absolute democracy. There must exist a new world if people want it."
" I am convinced that the Americans try to take over control and to become the monarchs of the Empire. I feel sure that the interests of the imperial aristocracy, being a constituent part of the empire government, do not coincide with the American interests, the American nation. The American Empire pays the war budget not only with the taxes of the Americans but also with a high international debt. I find setting the conditions on simple bases of armament a partial argument. I am not sure that the militaristic Kensyanism requirements, based on high budgetary amounts, will not be entirely fulfilled. In the end this is also the financing of war industry in Europe. The problem is simple, the Empire is a much too complex reality. It is too easy to say that the Americans give orders to everyone and everything. The Americans give orders on behalf of global capitalism. The enemy is not America but the capital …" " It is clear that the entry into the Empire is a process of forming new sovereignty on an international level. It is about the process, which destroys all previous parameters. The international law, which was initiated into the tradition from Westphalia till today, no longer exists. We find ourselves in circumstances in which the enemy, which was defined in the sense of a hostile state, a hostile nation, no longer exists. We find ourselves in circumstances of changes and we have to understand how these circumstances will evolve." "In Genoa the police operation of high intensity took place which is similar to war operation of low intensity. There is not a big difference between the response of the police force in Genoa and Israeli army in Palestine."
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Text by Sasa Petejan |